Royal House of Ghassan
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History

 The Ghassanids (Arabic: al-Ghasāsinah), also known as Banū Ghassān, meaning "Sons of Ghassān," trace their lineage to a South Arabian Christian people who migrated in the early third century CE from Yemen to the Hauran region in southern Syria, Jordan, and the Holy Land. Their story reflects a rich blend of cultures, as they intermarried with Roman settlers and early Christian communities, evolving into one of the earliest cosmopolitan societies. The Ghassanids are sometimes compared to the Habsburgs of Europe, as they were the longest-reigning Arab dynasty and held dominion over a vast territory.


Origins of the Ghassanids


The Ghassanids are believed to have originated from Ma’rib in Yemen, once the capital of the Kingdom of Sheba (or Saba), a place referenced in several sacred texts. A catastrophic flood caused by the failure of the Ma’rib dam in the early third century forced the tribe, including its royal family, to migrate northward. This migration is commemorated in Arab folklore, including the proverb "They were scattered like the people of Saba." The Ghassanids were part of the southern Arab tribe of Azd, a significant branch of the Qahtani tribes, and were led by Prince Jafna bin 'Amr, one of the sons of the King of Sheba. He and his family eventually settled in the Hauran region, where the Ghassanid state was founded in 220 CE.


The Ghassanid Kingdom and Byzantine Alliance


Prince Jafna bin 'Amr became the first Ghassanid king and established a kingdom that played a critical role as a buffer state between the Byzantine Empire and the Bedouin tribes of the Arabian Peninsula. Their territory spanned much of Syria, Mount Hermon (Lebanon), Jordan, western Iraq, and northern Israel. The capital of their kingdom was located at Jabiyah in the Golan Heights. As early adopters of Christianity, the Ghassanids formed alliances with the Byzantine Empire and served as defenders of vital trade routes.

The Ghassanids prospered under Byzantine patronage and were noted for their contributions to arts and culture. They patronized poets like Nabighah adh-Dhubyani and Hassan ibn Thabit, and their society was advanced, as evidenced by the ruins of palaces, churches, and public baths that still stand in the Hauran region. The Ghassanid kings became known for their sophistication and hospitality, often referred to as "addicted" to poetry and literature.


Decline and the Legacy of the Ghassanids


The Ghassanid kingdom fell in 636 CE following the Battle of Yarmuk, in which Muslim forces defeated the Byzantine Empire. Despite their defeat, the last Ghassanid king, Jabalah IV, refused to convert to Islam and sought refuge within the Byzantine Empire, forming a "government-in-exile" with tens of thousands of Ghassanids. His descendants continued to wield influence, with one son establishing the El Chemor family in Lebanon.


The Ghassanid dynasty's influence extended well into the Byzantine period. The Phocid Dynasty of the Byzantine Empire (802-813 CE), founded by Emperor Nikephoros I, claimed descent from the Ghassanids. The legacy of the Ghassanids also lived on in Lebanon, where the Sheikhs El Chemor ruled Akoura and the Zawiya region until 1747 CE. These titles and their historical significance were recognized by the Ottoman Empire and continue to be validated by the Maronite Church and the Lebanese Republic.


A Diaspora Spanning Continents


Following centuries of Islamic conquest and Ottoman persecution, many Ghassanid descendants dispersed around the world. The Ghassanid diaspora is now estimated to be primarily in the Americas, with significant populations in Brazil, Latin America, and the United States, contributing to a global Ghassanid population that no longer speaks Arabic as its primary language.

Today, the Ghassanid legacy is preserved in the names of prominent families across the Levant, many of whom trace their roots back to the royal lineage. Notable Ghassanid families include Chemor, Ghanem, Haddad, Madi, and Saab, among others. 



 

Many Christian as well as Muslim families of Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, and Palestine trace their roots to the Ghassanids. Here are some known Ghassanid families:

Abla, Abou Haidar, Al Ashkar, Aranki, Atiyah, Ayoub, Ammari, Aridah, Azar, Batarseh, Barsa, Barakat, Bayouth, Chakar, Chalhoub, Chemor, Dibh, Fares, Farhat, Farhoud, Gharios, Ghanem, Ghanma, Ghannoum, Ghulmiyyah, Habbaki, Habib, Haddad, Hazboun, Hanna, Hamra, Howayek, Haddadin, Hbeish, Hellou, Hilweh, Ishaq, Jabara (Jebara or Gebara, Gibara), Jarrar, Kakish, Kandil, Karadsheh, Kawar, Khazens, Khoury, Lahd, Maalouf, Madi, Makhlouf, Matar, Moghabghab, Mokdad, Nasir, Nawfal (of Tripoli), Nayfeh, Nimri, Obeid, Oweiss, Rached, Rafeedie/Rafidi, Rahhal, Razook, Saab, Saah, Salama, Saliba, Samara, Sarkis, Sayegh, Saig, Shammas, Semaan (of Kaftoun), Sfeir, Shdid, Smeirat, Soub, Sweiss, Sweidan, Theeba, Tyan, Twal and Qumsieh, among many others.Type your paragraph here.


References


  • Shahîd, Irfan. Byzantium and the Arabs in the Sixth Century. Dumbarton Oaks, 1995.
  • Khoury, Ignatious Tannos. Al-Sheikh Al-Chemor Al-Hakam Al-Akoura (1211-1633) Al-Hakam Zawie (1641-1747). Beirut, 1948.
  • Irwin, Robert. The Middle East in the Middle Ages: The Early Mamluk Sultanate, 1250-1382. Routledge, 1986.

Learn More about the Arab Laws of Succession (click on the article)

 The Middle Eastern Laws of Succession

 

The Laws of Succession of the Ghassanids


 

“Bay’a” – The oath of allegiance in Royal Arab Succession


 

The Legal Supremacy of the Bayʿa over Arab Dynastic Succession and Genealogical Claims


 

What really matters in Arab Royal succession?


 

Primogeniture in the Royal Arab Succession


 

The Laws of Succession of the Ghassanids


 

The Sheikhs El Chemor: a legal study of titles



Is The Royal House of Ghassan claiming a kingdom that existed almost 1,400 years ago?

Scholarly explanation about the legality of the Royal Ghassanid Claim. Read the academic article HERE

Learn More about the Arab Laws of Succession (click on the article)

 The Middle Eastern Laws of Succession

 

The Laws of Succession of the Ghassanids


 

“Bay’a” – The oath of allegiance in Royal Arab Succession


 

The Legal Supremacy of the Bayʿa over Arab Dynastic Succession and Genealogical Claims


 

What really matters in Arab Royal succession?


 

Primogeniture in the Royal Arab Succession


 

The Laws of Succession of the Ghassanids


 

The Sheikhs El Chemor: a legal study of titles



THE MODERN Royal House of Ghassan

International Organization

 The Sovereign Imperial & Royal House of Ghassan is the dynastic, historical, legal, and cultural representative of the Royal Ghassanids and the Ghassanid people (in Arabic, "Banu Ghassan" or "Al-Ghassassinah"). It comprises and represents all the dynasties ruled by Ghassanid Christian sovereigns from 220 CE until 1747 CE. The Muslim branch of the family ruled until 1921 CE, the Principality of Jabal Shammar (Chemor) or Hail in today's Saudi Arabia.

Since no longer ruling, the House presently is an international, non-profit, apolitical, secular, cultural/educational, and charitable "umbrella organization" recognized and accredited by the United Nations and by the Government of the Lebanese Republic, responsible for several affiliated organizations, fraternities, and initiatives with the specific purposes of the promotion of the historical and Cultural Arab heritage, especially but not limited to the Ghassanid people, the notorious Ghassanid's ideals such as the broad cultural incentive, women's equality, democracy, the promotion charity, and the chivalric ideals. Also, the promotion and application of the principles of The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on December 10, 1948, at Palais de Chaillot, Paris.

The Ghassanids are currently estimated to number around ten million people worldwide. Although originally from the Middle East, the vast majority live in South and North America, victims of the ongoing exodus since the 19th century. Even though they are a minority in Arab countries, the Ghassanid presence is still very strong and evident.

The International House also includes the Muslim Branch of the family. in the 1950s, HRH Prince Shiekh Antonios El Chemor, with his wife, HRH Princess Lodi Shihab-El Chemor (descendant of HRH Bashir Shihab II of the Emirate of Mt Lebanon), visited with the last princes of Jabal Shammar, and established a mutual recognition as “cousins.” Therefore, the modern Royal House of Ghassan also represents its Muslim kindred of the former Emirate of Jabal Shammar, which was removed from rule in 1921 (however, the Christian Shiekhs do not claim their Muslim cousins’ titles and vice-versa).

The Royal House of Ghassan (as an NGO) is in Special Consultative Status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council.  Also it was officially recognized by the government of the Lebanese Republic by a unanimous vote of the cabinet of ministers expressed on the Presidential Decree number 5,800/2019, signed by the President and the Prime Minister.

In 2020, the Global Imams Council, the world's largest non-governmental body of Muslim leaders (both Sunni and Shia), recognized the sovereignty and titles, of the modern House of Ghassan with the participation of over 1,000 (one thousand) Muslim clerics worldwide.    

To access the IGO website click HERE

Coat of Arms

  New Arms of the Sovereign Imperial & Royal House of Ghassan

A modern representation based on European Heraldry. Comprehends and represents all the ruling Ghassanid dynasties from 220 CE in Syria until the 1.747 CE in Mount Lebanon/1921 CE in Jabal Shamar (Chemor) or Ha'il.

At the center the artistic Arabic Calligraphy "Al Ghassassinah" (The Ghassanids) crowned sided by the oldest and newest Ghassanid flags. The scimitar sword and the imperial & royal scepter under the bicephalous Byzantine Imperial eagle. 

Coat of arms ensigned with a representation of the royal and imperial crown of the Sovereign Imperial and Royal House Ghassan on Or with rubies, blue sapphires and pearls, purple velvet and ermine wreath. Supported by a Lion Rampant (representing: Arabia ('Banu Azd' or "the Children of the Lion"),  and an Arabian Horse Rampant 

Motto: "Victrix Fortunae Sapientia" (Wisdom is the Conqueror of Fortune)

HIRH Prince Gharios El Chemor of Ghassan Al-Numan VIII's Royal Cypher

The Sovereign Imperial & Royal House of Ghassan is headed by HIRH Prince Gharios El Chemor of Ghassan Al-Numan VIII, a direct descendant of the last ruling Ghassanind princes, the prestigious El Chemor family, the sovereigns of Akoura and Zgharta-Zawyie (current Lebanon) until the 18th century. According to several historians and the Maronite Catholic Church, The El Chemor (or Shummar, or Shammar) family is proven to be the direct descendants of the last King of the first Ghassanid State in Syria.  


HIRH Prince Gharios received the Arab traditional Bay'ah from his cousin in 2016 to be the Head of the International House and organization, with HIRH Sheikh Salim El Chemor as Crown Prince and Head of the Lebanon branch of the family.

Get Involved

Our Vision

“To stand as a powerful diplomatic agent of dialogue and change to spread equality and justice.”


 

Core Values

  • We seek a world of equality and tolerance, where every human being’s dignity is valued,
  • We abide by the human rights principles, alleviating individuals' and communities suffering,
  • We believe that every human should be treated with dignity and respect,
  • We enhance the effective presence of minorities and envision a society where individuals live safely and in unity,
  • We operate on creating awareness to diminish all kinds of possible conflicts and struggles between communities,
  • We advocate and operate for peace-building, non-violence, and dialogue among all generations by using applicable tools, alternative diplomatic channels, and workshops. 


 

Purpose

The organization's purpose is to be in line with peremptory norms of general international law and intertwined with its sovereignty:

  • To prevent the imminent exodus and total extinction of Christianity in the Middle East;
  • To serve the Middle Eastern people as a bridge between the Middle East and the Western civilizations, combating antisemitism and islamophobia, and
  • To preserve and promote the historical and cultural Arab heritage, mainly but not limited to the Ghassanid people and the notorious Ghassanid ideals of broad cultural incentives, women's equality, democracy, charity, and chivalric ideals.

The underlying jus cogens of the Organization’s stated purpose in this Convention are so crucial that Membership of this Convention may not derogate from them via treaty or customary international law norms.

Aim and Objectives

The Organization aims to be a “bridge builder” assisting in the solution of all types of diplomatic conflicts, bringing together governments, organizations, and groups to further the objectives of:

  • Preserving and promoting the cultural, educational, scientific, artistic, historical, humanitarian, and chivalric values and patrimony all over the world, 
  • Advocating for ethnic and religious minorities in the Middle East and diaspora, providing humanitarian relief to groups in hostile environments.
  • Building bridges of understanding and mutual support between Eastern and Western Churches, with other official bodies and leaders of the Abrahamic faiths and other world religions.
  • Encouraging and facilitating dialogue among religious leaders, particularly but not limited to those of the great Abrahamic faiths, in conflict zones and promoting their participation in conflict resolution.
  • Support religious and educational institutions seeking to sustain a diverse presence in the Holy Land.
  • Promoting the preservation and restoration of historic buildings, particularly those associated with religious pilgrimage sites.
  • Advocating, through the United Nations and other civil society forums, for human rights, with an emphasis on the status of women, religious freedom, peacebuilding, universal access to education, basic universal health care and access to medical facilities, and the provision of clean water, at an affordable price, for all.
  • We support the United Nations, governments, and other international civil society organizations through our active participation in disaster relief programs, humanitarian aid, peacebuilding, and sustainable development that respect the full range of human diversity.

"The Lion's Roar" Royal Ghassanid Anthem

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​Statement on Honors and Awards of the Modern Royal House of Ghassan

 It's vastly documented that the Ghassanids were one of the first Christian knights 500 years before the first Crusade and the creation of the first orders of chivalry. However, they weren’t organized in orders ‘per se’ as the European crusader orders would be, even though they fought under banners of religious icons like Christ Pantokrator, Michael Archangel, and Saint Sergius, their patrons. They also held to a code of ethics, Muru’a, which included honor, loyalty, generosity, forgiveness, and protecting women, children, the elderly, and the infirm. Therefore, although the Royal House of Ghassan has ancient authority as pioneers of Christian knights (in Arabic, Faris, and Farisa), it doesn’t claim any legatary connection with any historical order of chivalry or merit.

All honors and awards for the ancient dynastic House of Ghassan are those of the modern House. The honors related to the historic calvary of the House and the banners under which it was organized, namely Christ Pantokrator, Michael Archangel, and Saint Sergius, are "new" honors and awards of a chivalric character founded by the head of a formerly reigning dynasty... or in the case of the House of Ghassan as an Arab Christian House, by the Head of House with the council of the royal sheiks. 

"The Knights of Light" The Sheikhs El Chemor Anthem

"The Knights of Light" The Sheikhs El Chemor Anthem

"The Knights of Light" The Sheikhs El Chemor Anthem

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